QUIZ 1 - IT 222

1. Contact the network expert at your school or place of work. Find out which topology, communication links, and configuration are used in the network. IS it a LAN, MAN, or WAN?

- The topology, communication links and configuration used in our school is the LAN or the Local Area Network because it only covers small geographical areas like schools.

2. Discuss the primary diference between a bridge and a gateway and give real life example that uses each one?

- A bridge connects multiple network segments at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model, and the term layer 2 switch is often used interchangeably with bridge. Bridges are similar to repeaters or network hubs, devices that connect network segments at the physical layer, however a bridge works by using bridging where traffic from one network is managed rather than simply rebroadcast to adjacent network segments. In Ethernet networks, the term "bridge" formally means a device that behaves according to the IEEE 802.1D standard—this is most often referred to as a network switch in marketing literature. A gateway may contain devices such as protocol translators, impedance matching devices, rate converters, fault isolators, or signal translators as necessary to provide system interoperability. It also requires the establishment of mutually acceptable administrative procedures between both networks.

*Example of bridge in real life is use in packet-switched computer networks and for gateway is use for connecting a Local Area Network or Wireless LAN to the Internet or other Wide Area Network.

3. Name three commercially-available operating systems for LANs and their vendor names. Explain the topology that each designed to manage and describe the access protocol it uses.

- Three commercially-available operating systems for LANs are the Windows 98, XP and Vista. This operating systems are created by the Microsoft Windows Corporation.

- Windows 98 was the first operating system to use the Windows Driver Model (WDM). This fact was not well published when Windows 98 was released and most hardware producers continued to develop drivers for the older driver standard, VxD. Windows Vista networking stack supports the dual Internet Protocol (IP) layer architecture in which the IPv4 and IPv6 implementations share common Transport and Framing layers. Windows Vista provides a GUI for configuration of both IPv4 and IPv6 properties. IPv6 is now supported by all networking components and services.

4. Explain the similarities and differences between a file infector virus and a macro virus, including the types of files each infects.

- File infector viruses are the 'classic' form of virus, those to which the term is most commonly and, along with boot sector viruses, most appropriately applied. A macro virus is a virus that is written in a macro language: that is to say, a language built into a software application such as a word processor. This viruses infects document files on a network or a system.

5. Give three examples of inadequate passwords and explain why each would be a poor choice to protect a system from unauthorized users.

- Example of this is the restrictions on the export of cryptography that uses short or weak keys or passwords. The weak key is fed through an algorithm that takes a known constant time to apply.